Medicaid
Free or low-cost health coverage for low-income individuals and families.
About This Program
Medicaid is a comprehensive health insurance program — not a discount card or partial coverage. For most enrollees, there are no premiums, no deductibles, and very low or no copays. Covered services include primary care, specialist visits, hospital stays, emergency care, lab work, prescriptions, mental health treatment, substance use treatment, maternity care, and in many states, dental and vision. Long-term care coverage (nursing homes, home health aides) is also available for those who qualify, which Medicare does not fully cover. Who qualifies depends heavily on which state you live in. In the 41 states plus DC that expanded Medicaid under the ACA, adults with income up to 138% of the federal poverty level are eligible regardless of whether they have children or a disability. In the 10 states that have not expanded, eligibility is much more limited — typically restricted to children, pregnant women, parents below a low income threshold, and people who are elderly or disabled. Medicaid has no open enrollment period. You can apply any time of year, and if approved, coverage typically starts the month you apply or the month prior. Applications are accepted through Healthcare.gov, your state Medicaid agency, or a combined state benefits portal. If you are approved for Medicaid, your children are automatically screened for CHIP eligibility at the same time. If you later earn too much for Medicaid, you should receive advance notice and a special enrollment period for Marketplace coverage — the transition should not create a gap if you act promptly on the notices you receive.
Eligibility Requirements
| Income | Generally at or below 138% FPL in expansion states |
| Citizenship | US citizen or eligible non-citizen |
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Medicaid cover dental and vision?
For children, Medicaid must cover dental and vision care under federal law. For adults, dental and vision are optional services that states can choose to cover — most states provide at least emergency dental coverage for adults, and many provide comprehensive dental. Check with your state Medicaid agency for specifics.
Can I have both Medicaid and Medicare?
Yes — this is called "dual eligibility." People with both Medicare and Medicaid receive comprehensive coverage: Medicare pays primary for most services, and Medicaid covers Medicare's premiums, deductibles, and copays. If you qualify for both, apply for both — Medicaid can save you thousands per year in Medicare cost-sharing.
Does Medicaid cover mental health treatment?
Yes. Medicaid is required to cover mental health and substance use disorder treatment at parity with medical and surgical benefits. This includes outpatient therapy, psychiatric medications, inpatient mental health stays, and substance use treatment. Community Mental Health Centers that accept Medicaid are found in every state.
Will I lose my Medicaid if I get a job?
Not immediately. If your income rises above the eligibility limit, you will be disenrolled at your next annual renewal — not mid-year in most cases. Some states have "medically needy" Medicaid that covers people with high medical costs even if their income is over the limit. Report income changes as required by your state.
Can Medicaid take my house after I die?
States are required to seek recovery of Medicaid costs from the estate of deceased beneficiaries — but only for certain services (primarily long-term care / nursing home costs) and only from people who were 55 or older when they received those services. Standard Medicaid for working-age adults does not typically result in estate recovery.
Related Programs
Children's Health Insurance (CHIP)
Low-cost health coverage for children in families above Medicaid limits.
SNAP (Food Stamps)
Monthly grocery benefits for low-income households.
Community Health Centers (FQHC)
Sliding-scale primary care clinics serving all patients regardless of ability to pay.
ACA Marketplace Plans
Subsidized health insurance through the federal marketplace.
Eligibility requirements may have changed. Verify at the official source before applying.
Benefit Amount
Free or low-cost health coverage
Application Guide
How to Apply for Medicaid →Category
HealthcareLast reviewed: May 2025