SNAP vs. TANF — What's the Difference?

SNAP provides monthly food assistance on an EBT card with no time limit. TANF provides monthly cash payments to families with children, but has a 60-month lifetime limit and work requirements.

Food Assistance

SNAP (Food Stamps)

Monthly grocery benefits for low-income households.

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Child & Family

TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)

Monthly cash assistance and supportive services for low-income families with children.

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Attribute
SNAP (Food Stamps)
TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
What it provides
Food benefits on an EBT card
Cash payments (EBT or direct deposit)
Who can receive it
Most low-income households
Families with children; some states allow adults without children
Income limit
130% FPL gross; 100% net (with deductions)
Varies by state — often 50-75% FPL
Asset limit
None in most states (broad-based categorical eligibility)
Varies by state; many states have asset tests
Work requirements
Work or training required for able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs)
Required for most adult recipients (20-30 hrs/week)
Time limit
None — benefits continue as long as you qualify
60-month federal lifetime limit; state rules vary
Use restrictions
Food purchases only at authorized stores
Cash — can be used for most expenses
Children required
No
Yes in most states
Who administers
State agencies (federally funded)
State agencies (block grant from federal government)

Can you receive both? Yes.

Most TANF families also receive SNAP. In fact, receiving TANF often automatically qualifies your household for SNAP without a separate income review. These programs are designed to work together and provide complementary support.

Which should you apply for?

SNAP is much broader in eligibility than TANF and has no time limit — apply for SNAP first regardless of your situation. If you have children and very low income, also apply for TANF. If you are already receiving TANF, make sure you are also receiving SNAP.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does TANF count as income for SNAP purposes?

Yes, TANF cash payments count as income when calculating SNAP eligibility. However, in most states, receipt of TANF automatically qualifies a household for SNAP through "categorical eligibility," bypassing the income test entirely. Check with your state SNAP agency for specifics.

What happens when you hit the TANF time limit?

After 60 months of federally-funded TANF, you cannot receive additional benefits from the federal TANF block grant. Some states use state-only funds to continue benefits for families who reach the limit. SNAP and Medicaid are not affected by the TANF time limit and can continue indefinitely.

Can single adults without children get either SNAP or TANF?

Single adults without children can receive SNAP (subject to income and work requirements). TANF in most states is limited to families with minor children, though a few states have programs for adults without children. For cash assistance, adults without children should also check SSI and unemployment insurance eligibility.